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Using an /etc/hosts file for custom domains during development
You may want to review a website with a custom domain name before the domain is publicly mapped to the website. For example, a domain name will often be routed to a live site while development is ongoing on a separate server.
Before the website is made public, you can view a development or pre-launch website with a custom domain name by modifying the /etc/hosts file on your local machine to point the custom domain name to the IP address of the environment you want to test. The /etc/hosts file contains a mapping of IP addresses to URLs. Your browser uses entries in the /etc/hosts file to override the IP-address-to-URL mapping returned by a DNS server. This is useful for testing DNS (domain name system) changes and the SSL configuration before making a website live.
Note
The /etc/hosts file affects only the local computer.
If you're using a Mac with OS X, to edit your /etc/hosts file, open a Terminal window and run the following command:
sudo nano /private/etc/hostsYou may be asked for your password to edit the file. Enter your password.
You can now add entries to the file.
If you're using Windows, to edit your \etc\hosts file, open [SystemRoot]\system32\drivers\etc\hosts and edit the file. (The \etc\hosts file usually exists at %windir%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts.) If the directory and file don't exist, you can create them. Some versions of Windows require that users have admin privileges to create or make changes to this file.
You can now add entries to the file.
Windows 8 users may have trouble editing their \etc\hosts file because Windows 8 includes file overwrite protections. For information about how to modify your \etc\hosts file in Windows 8, see How to block websites in the Windows 8 hosts file.
Find the IP addresses for your Acquia Cloud environments on the Cloud > Domains page. Add an entry to your /etc/hosts file in the following format:
[IP address] [URL]For example, if your Prod environment has the IP address 12.345.678.90 and the custom domain you want to use is www.example.com, add the following line to your /etc/hosts file:
12.345.678.90 www.example.comWith this change, whenever you visit www.example.com, your browser will take you to your website's Acquia Cloud Prod environment, and not the website whose DNS record is www.example.com.
Note
You should also clear your local DNS cache to ensure your browser is going to the correct website. https://wpbeaches.com/flush-dns-cache-locally-in-macos-big-sur-catalina-osx-linux-and-windows/ contains command line instructions for clearing caches for multiple operating systems.
After you have configured your custom domain for your Acquia Cloud Prod environment, edit your /etc/hosts file to remove the entry.
You can also use this technique to test a site using SSL on an Elastic Load Balancer (ELB). If you ping the ELB, it will return one or more IPs. Choose one of these to put into your hosts file. Requests from the browser will now resolve to one of the ELB servers currently being used. You may now test the validity of the domain against the SSL certificate being used. It is not safe to use this long term because the ELB IPs are dynamic and may change at any point, but for testing it will work, as long as the ELB continues to use the IP you selected.
Note
If you use a custom domain by modifying your local hosts file for any reason, any linked remote resources you wish to download will be unavailable due to a mismatch between the request URL and DNS.
For example, if 123.123.123.123 dev.mysite.com is in /etc/hosts, and try to go to http://dev.mysite.com/brochures/ and download customers.pdf, the download will fail because the request is aimed at dev.mysite.com/brochures/customers.pdf, but the actual address is mysite.prod.acquia-sites.com/brochures/customers.pdf. Removing the testing lines from /etc/hosts or adding the development site to DNS will correct this problem.
More Information
How to block websites in the Windows 8 hosts file
Pointing DNS records to your public IP address
Pinning to a web server without using the hosts file
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